Exponential | R Documentation |
Density, distribution function, quantile function and random
generation for the exponential distribution with rate rate
(i.e., mean 1/rate
).
dexp(x, rate = 1, log = FALSE) pexp(q, rate = 1, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE) qexp(p, rate = 1, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE) rexp(n, rate = 1)
x, q |
vector of quantiles. |
p |
vector of probabilities. |
n |
number of observations. If |
rate |
vector of rates. |
log, log.p |
logical; if TRUE, probabilities p are given as log(p). |
lower.tail |
logical; if TRUE (default), probabilities are P[X ≤ x], otherwise, P[X > x]. |
If rate
is not specified, it assumes the default value of
1
.
The exponential distribution with rate λ has density
f(x) = λ {e}^{- λ x}
for x ≥ 0.
dexp
gives the density,
pexp
gives the distribution function,
qexp
gives the quantile function, and
rexp
generates random deviates.
The length of the result is determined by n
for
rexp
, and is the maximum of the lengths of the
numerical arguments for the other functions.
The numerical arguments other than n
are recycled to the
length of the result. Only the first elements of the logical
arguments are used.
The cumulative hazard H(t) = - log(1 - F(t))
is -pexp(t, r, lower = FALSE, log = TRUE)
.
dexp
, pexp
and qexp
are all calculated
from numerically stable versions of the definitions.
rexp
uses
Ahrens, J. H. and Dieter, U. (1972). Computer methods for sampling from the exponential and normal distributions. Communications of the ACM, 15, 873–882.
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
Johnson, N. L., Kotz, S. and Balakrishnan, N. (1995) Continuous Univariate Distributions, volume 1, chapter 19. Wiley, New York.
exp
for the exponential function.
Distributions for other standard distributions, including
dgamma
for the gamma distribution and
dweibull
for the Weibull distribution, both of which
generalize the exponential.
dexp(1) - exp(-1) #-> 0 ## a fast way to generate *sorted* U[0,1] random numbers: rsunif <- function(n) { n1 <- n+1 cE <- cumsum(rexp(n1)); cE[seq_len(n)]/cE[n1] } plot(rsunif(1000), ylim=0:1, pch=".") abline(0,1/(1000+1), col=adjustcolor(1, 0.5))
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