pairs | R Documentation |
A matrix of scatterplots is produced.
pairs(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'formula' pairs(formula, data = NULL, ..., subset, na.action = stats::na.pass) ## Default S3 method: pairs(x, labels, panel = points, ..., horInd = 1:nc, verInd = 1:nc, lower.panel = panel, upper.panel = panel, diag.panel = NULL, text.panel = textPanel, label.pos = 0.5 + has.diag/3, line.main = 3, cex.labels = NULL, font.labels = 1, row1attop = TRUE, gap = 1, log = "", horOdd = !row1attop, verOdd = !row1attop)
x |
the coordinates of points given as numeric columns of a
matrix or data frame. Logical and factor columns are converted to
numeric in the same way that |
formula |
a formula, such as |
data |
a data.frame (or list) from which the variables in
|
subset |
an optional vector specifying a subset of observations to be used for plotting. |
na.action |
a function which indicates what should happen
when the data contain |
labels |
the names of the variables. |
panel |
|
... |
arguments to be passed to or from methods. Also, graphical parameters can be given as can arguments to
|
horInd, verInd |
The (numerical) indices of the variables to be plotted on the horizontal and vertical axes respectively. |
lower.panel, upper.panel |
separate panel functions (or
|
diag.panel |
optional |
text.panel |
optional |
label.pos |
|
line.main |
if |
cex.labels, font.labels |
graphics parameters for the text panel. |
row1attop |
logical. Should the layout be matrix-like with row 1 at the top, or graph-like with row 1 at the bottom? The latter (non default) leads to a basically symmetric scatterplot matrix. |
gap |
distance between subplots, in margin lines. |
log |
a character string indicating if logarithmic axes are to be
used, see |
horOdd, verOdd |
|
The ijth scatterplot contains x[,i]
plotted against
x[,j]
. The scatterplot can be customised by setting panel
functions to appear as something completely different. The
off-diagonal panel functions are passed the appropriate columns of
x
as x
and y
: the diagonal panel function (if
any) is passed a single column, and the text.panel
function is
passed a single (x, y)
location and the column name.
Setting some of these panel functions to NULL
is
equivalent to not drawing anything there.
The graphical parameters pch
and col
can be used
to specify a vector of plotting symbols and colors to be used in the
plots.
The graphical parameter oma
will be set by
pairs.default
unless supplied as an argument.
A panel function should not attempt to start a new plot, but just plot
within a given coordinate system: thus plot
and boxplot
are not panel functions.
By default, missing values are passed to the panel functions and will
often be ignored within a panel. However, for the formula method and
na.action = na.omit
, all cases which contain a missing values for
any of the variables are omitted completely (including when the scales
are selected).
Arguments horInd
and verInd
were introduced in R
3.2.0. If given the same value they can be used to select or re-order
variables: with different ranges of consecutive values they can be
used to plot rectangular windows of a full pairs plot; in the latter
case ‘diagonal’ refers to the diagonal of the full plot.
Enhancements for R 1.0.0 contributed by Dr. Jens Oehlschlägel-Akiyoshi and R-core members.
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
pairs(iris[1:4], main = "Anderson's Iris Data -- 3 species", pch = 21, bg = c("red", "green3", "blue")[unclass(iris$Species)]) ## formula method, "graph" layout (row 1 at bottom): pairs(~ Fertility + Education + Catholic, data = swiss, row1attop=FALSE, subset = Education < 20, main = "Swiss data, Education < 20") pairs(USJudgeRatings, gap=1/10) # (gap: not wasting plotting area) ## show only lower triangle (and suppress labeling for whatever reason): pairs(USJudgeRatings, text.panel = NULL, upper.panel = NULL) ## put histograms on the diagonal panel.hist <- function(x, ...) { usr <- par("usr"); on.exit(par(usr)) par(usr = c(usr[1:2], 0, 1.5) ) h <- hist(x, plot = FALSE) breaks <- h$breaks; nB <- length(breaks) y <- h$counts; y <- y/max(y) rect(breaks[-nB], 0, breaks[-1], y, col = "cyan", ...) } pairs(USJudgeRatings[1:5], panel = panel.smooth, cex = 1.5, pch = 24, bg = "light blue", horOdd=TRUE, diag.panel = panel.hist, cex.labels = 2, font.labels = 2) ## put (absolute) correlations on the upper panels, ## with size proportional to the correlations. panel.cor <- function(x, y, digits = 2, prefix = "", cex.cor, ...) { usr <- par("usr"); on.exit(par(usr)) par(usr = c(0, 1, 0, 1)) r <- abs(cor(x, y)) txt <- format(c(r, 0.123456789), digits = digits)[1] txt <- paste0(prefix, txt) if(missing(cex.cor)) cex.cor <- 0.8/strwidth(txt) text(0.5, 0.5, txt, cex = cex.cor * r) } pairs(USJudgeRatings, lower.panel = panel.smooth, upper.panel = panel.cor, gap=0, row1attop=FALSE) pairs(iris[-5], log = "xy") # plot all variables on log scale pairs(iris, log = 1:4, # log the first four main = "Lengths and Widths in [log]", line.main=1.5, oma=c(2,2,3,2))
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